Piezoelectric transducers were the first to be used when in the 1950’s crystals derived from quartz were used as the transducer material. This phenomenon makes distance measurement with ultrasonic sensors possible. Second, when the returning echo hits the transducer, the material changes shape again generating an electrical current. First, when an electrical current is applied to the material, the material changes shape which results in an ultrasonic sound wave. While their materials differ, they both rely on the piezoelectric effect in order to function. The main difference between the two is that piezoelectric transducers use a ceramic material whereas electrostatic transducers contain a thin metal membrane. Ultrasonic transducers come in two basic types, piezoelectric and electrostatic.
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